Measurements of magnetic remanence

Description of the service

Measurements of Natural Magnetic Remanence (NRM), Anhysteretic Magnetic Remanence (ARM), and Isothermal Magnetic Remanence (IRM)

Name of the equipment

JR6a Spinner Magnetometer

Description of the equipment

JR6a dual-speed rotating magnetometer with automatic sample positioning; measurement range: 2.4×10⁻⁶ A/m to 1.2×10⁴ A/m. Suitable for cylindrical samples (1 inch diameter) and cubic samples (2 cm edge length). Manufactured by Agico, Czech Republic (purchased in 2018).

Department

Department of Magnetism

Laboratory

Laboratory for Palaeomagnetism and Environmental Studies 

Contact

dr Tomasz Werner

Daniel Mierzejewski

Measurements of  magnetic remanence / alternating field demagnetization

Description of the service

Measurements of Natural Magnetic Remanence (NRM), Anhysteretic Magnetic Remanence (ARM), and Isothermal Magnetic Remanence (IRM) with alternating field demagnetization up to 160 mT

Name of the equipment

SQUID DC Cryogenic Magnetometer

Description of the equipment

Cryogenic magnetometer with alternating field demagnetization capability up to 1.6 T; manufactured by 2G Enterprises, USA. Measurement range: 1×10⁻⁶ A/m to 2×10³ A/m. Suitable for cylindrical (1 inch diameter), cubic, and irregularly shaped samples. Purchased in 1991, upgraded in 2002, cryogenic system updated in 2021.

Department

Department of Magnetism

Laboratory

Laboratory for Palaeomagnetism and Environmental Studies

Contact

dr Tomasz Werner

Daniel Mierzejewski

Demagnetization of samples in alternating field,  the application of ARM and IRM

Description of the service

Demagnetization of samples in alternating field up to 200 mT,  the application of ARM and IRM in 18 orientations – for studies of magnetic remanence anisotropy

Name of the equipment

LDA5/PAM1 Magnetizing / Demagnetizing System

Description of the equipment

LDA5/PAM1 system for alternating field demagnetization and application of ARM. AC field up to 200 mT, DC field up to 500 μT, impulse magnetizer up to 20 mT. Suitable for cylindrical samples (1 inch diameter) and cubic samples (2 cm edge length). Manufactured by Agico, Czech Republic.

Department

Department of Magnetism

Laboratory

Laboratory for Palaeomagnetism and Environmental Studies

Contact

dr Tomasz Werner

Daniel Mierzejewski

Thermal samples demagnetization / application of TRM (MMTDSC) remanence

Description of the service

Thermal demagnetization of cylindrical (up to 1 inch diameter) and cubic (up to 2 cm edge length) samples,  for a single batch samples of up to 24 samples, rapid sample cooling

Name of the equipment

MMTDSC Non-Magnetic Furnace

Description of the equipment

MMTDSC non-magnetic furnace for thermal demagnetization of up to 24 samples, with a maximum temperature of 800°C. Manufactured by Magnetic Measurements, UK. Capable of operation in an argon atmosphere and partial TRM acquisition. Purchased in 2018.

Department

Department of Magnetism

Laboratory

Laboratory for Palaeomagnetism and Environmental Studies

Contact

dr Tomasz Werner

Daniel Mierzejewski

Thermal samples demagnetization / application of TRM (MMTD80) remanence

Description of the service

Thermal demagnetization of cylindrical samples (up to 1 inch diameter). Single batch of up to 80 samples

Name of the equipment

MMTD80 Non-Magnetic Furnace

Description of the equipment

MMTD80 non-magnetic furnace for thermal demagnetization of up to 80 samples at temperatures up to 800°C. Manufactured by Magnetic Measurements, UK. Capable of heating in argon atmosphere and pTRM acquisition. Purchased in 2009.

Department

Department of Magnetism

Laboratory

Laboratory for Palaeomagnetism and Environmental Studies

Contact

dr Tomasz Werner

Daniel Mierzejewski

Magnetization of samples with isothermal magnetic remanence (IRM)

Description of the service

Magnetization of small cylindrical samples up to 9 T, larger cylindrical and cubic samples up to 2.4 / 3 T. Suitable for IRM anisotropy studies

Name of the equipment

MMPM10 Impulse Magnetizer

Description of the equipment

Two pulse magnetizers for imparting isothermal remanent magnetization (IRM). Fields up to 3 T for 1-inch diameter samples and up to 9 T for 0.5-inch diameter samples. Manufactured by Magnetic Measurements, UK. Purchased in 2018.

Department

Department of Magnetism

Laboratory

Laboratory for Palaeomagnetism and Environmental Studies

Contact

dr Tomasz Werner

Daniel Mierzejewski

Measurements of magnetic susceptibility over a wide temperature range and its anisotropy

Description of the service

Magnetic susceptibility measurements (cylindrical samples – 1 inch, cubic – 2 cm, powders, liquids), AMS and field-dependence of susceptibility at room temperature – manual and automated measurements; high-temperature susceptibility measurements (20°C to 700°C) in air or argon – for powder samples; low-temperature susceptibility measurements (-194°C to 0°C) in air – for powder samples; real and imaginary component measurements

Name of the equipment

KLY-5A/CS-4/CS-L – Magnetic Susceptibility and Anisotropy Measurement Bridge

Description of the equipment

Bridge for measuring magnetic susceptibility and its anisotropy (real/in-phase and imaginary/out-of-phase components) at room temperature, as well as susceptibility changes during heating from room temperature up to 700°C (in air and argon) and cooling from room temperature to -194°C (liquid nitrogen temperature) in air. Equipped with a 3D sample holder for anisotropy measurements. Manufactured by Agico, Czech Republic.

Department

Department of Magnetism

Laboratory

Laboratory for Palaeomagnetism and Environmental Studies

Contact

dr Tomasz Werner

Daniel Mierzejewski

Magnetic susceptibility measurements at three frequencies and its anisotropy

Description of the service

Magnetic susceptibility measurements (cylindrical samples – 1 inch, cubic – 2 cm, powders, liquids), AMS and field-dependence of susceptibility at room temperature, measurements at three frequencies – cylindrical and cubic samples, manual and automatic modes

Name of the equipment

MFK1-FA – Magnetic Susceptibility and Anisotropy Measurement Bridge

Description of the equipment

Bridge for measuring magnetic susceptibility and its anisotropy at room temperature across a wide range of magnetic fields and at three excitation frequencies: 2–700 A/m at 976 Hz, 2–350 A/m at 3904 Hz, and 2–200 A/m at 15616 Hz. Manufactured by Agico, Czech Republic (purchased in 2010).

Department

Department of Magnetism

Laboratory

Laboratory for Palaeomagnetism and Environmental Studies

Contact

dr Tomasz Werner

Daniel Mierzejewski

Field and laboratory measurement of magnetic susceptibility and its anisotropy in the laboratory

Description of the service

Magnetic susceptibility measurements of drill cores and at the rock outcrops; surface susceptibility mapping; laboratory measurements at two frequencies (cylindrical samples up to 1 inch diameter)

Name of the equipment

MS2 and MS3 – Portable Susceptibility Meters

Description of the equipment

MS2 and MS3 portable magnetic susceptibility meters (Bartington Instruments, UK; MS2 is battery-powered) equipped with a range of sensors:

MS2B – dual-frequency laboratory sensor; MS2C100 – core sensor for ~80 mm diameter cores; MS2D – surface sensor for ~200 mm area; MS2F – point sensor for spot measurements; MS2G – laboratory sensor for small-volume samples; MS2K – scanning sensor for small surface areas; MS2C90 – core sensor for ~70 mm diameter cores; MS2E – profile sensor for line-based measurements; MS3 unit is controllable via palmtop with GPS or via computer.

Department

Department of Magnetism

Laboratory

Laboratory for Palaeomagnetism and Environmental Studies

Contact

dr Tomasz Werner

Daniel Mierzejewski

Measurements of magnetic hysteresis parameters of small samples

Description of the service

Magnetic hysteresis and FORC diagram measurements; determination of magnetic domain state of ferromagnetic minerals (sample size up to 2 mm, mass up to 30 mg); identification of low- and high-coercivity minerals

Name of the equipment

Micromag AGM 2900 – Alternating Gradient Force Magnetometer

Description of the equipment

Micromag AGFM 2900-02 alternating gradient magnetometer for magnetic hysteresis measurements, with maximum field up to 1.4 T. Suitable for samples weighing 5–30 mg. Enables measurement of Hc, Hcr, hysteresis loops, and FORC diagrams. Manufactured by Princeton Measurements Corp., USA (purchased in 2004).

Department

Department of Magnetism

Laboratory

Laboratory for Palaeomagnetism and Environmental Studies

Contact

dr Tomasz Werner

Daniel Mierzejewski

Measurements of magnetic hysteresis and magnetization with temperature

Description of the service

Curie temperatures determination (up to 800°C) and magnetic hysteresis measurements (for powder and small fragments up to 500 mg); identification of low- and high-coercivity minerals

Name of the equipment

AVFTB (Advanced Variable Field Translation Balance) – Thermobalance

Description of the equipment

Thermobalance for measuring magnetization (M(T)) and magnetic susceptibility (K(T)) as functions of temperature, including hysteresis parameters and thermomagnetic diagrams in the range 20–800°C. Maximum magnetic field: 1.6 T. Sample mass up to 0.5 g. Manufactured by Petersen Instruments, Germany, and Magnetic Measurements, UK. Purchased in 2013; cooling system upgraded in 2020.

Department

Department of Magnetism

Laboratory

Laboratory for Palaeomagnetism and Environmental Studies

Contact

dr Tomasz Werner

Daniel Mierzejewski

Measurements of parameters of magnetic hysteresis for environmental samples

Description of the service

Magnetic hysteresis measurements; domain state determination in ferromagnetic minerals (for sample with mass up to 2 g); identification of low- and high-coercivity minerals

Name of the equipment

VSM Nuvo – Vibrating Sample Magnetometer

Description of the equipment

Vibrating Sample Magnetometer (VSM) for measuring magnetic hysteresis of strongly magnetic rock samples. Maximum field: 1 T. Suitable for samples weighing 0.5–2 g. Manufactured by Molspin Ltd., UK (purchased in 1996).

Department

Department of Magnetism

Laboratory

Laboratory for Palaeomagnetism and Environmental Studies

Contact

dr Tomasz Werner

Daniel Mierzejewski

Curie temperature measurement for palaeomagnetic samples

Description of the service

Monitoring changes in isothermal magnetic remanence (IRM) or NRM during heating up to 700°C – Curie temperature determination for ferromagnetic minerals

Name of the equipment

STEPSIII – Thermomagnetic Analysis System

Description of the equipment

Instrument for measuring changes in isothermal magnetic remanence during sample heating in air up to 700°C under compensated external magnetic field. Developed by TUS, Poland (built in 2001, modernized in 2020).

Department

Department of Magnetism

Laboratory

Laboratory for Palaeomagnetism and Environmental Studies

Contact

dr Tomasz Werner

Daniel Mierzejewski

Dust collecting on filters – PM2.5, PM10, total PM fractions

Description of the service

Dust collecting on filters – using one of three heads: PM2.5, PM10, or total PM. 15-filter cassettes, programmable operation time

Name of the equipment

PNS15C – Dust Sampler

Description of the equipment

PNS15C aspirator for collecting PM2.5, PM10, and total suspended particulate (TPM). Manufactured by Atmoservice, Poland. System includes a low-flow LVS-3D-A sampler and an automatic filter changer (15 × 47 mm filters per cassette). Total: 3 units.

Department

Department of Magnetism

Laboratory

Laboratory for Palaeomagnetism and Environmental Studies

Contact

dr Tomasz Werner

Daniel Mierzejewski

Dust collecting on filters – PM1, PM2.5, PM10, total PM fractions

Description of the service

Dust collecting on filters – using one of four heads: PM1, PM2.5, PM10, or total PM. 18-filter cassette, programmable operation time

Name of the equipment

PNS18T – Dust Sampler

Description of the equipment

PNS18T aspirator for PM1, PM2.5, PM10, and total suspended particulate (TSP). Manufactured by Atmoservice (Poland) and Comde Derenda (Germany). The system includes a low-flow sampler with an automatic filter changer (cassette with 18 × 47 mm filters). Total: 3 units.

Department

Department of Magnetism

Laboratory

Laboratory for Palaeomagnetism and Environmental Studies

Contact

dr Tomasz Werner

Daniel Mierzejewski

Mass measurement from 1 mg (analytical balance)

Description of the service

Mass measurements for samples from 1 mg to 60 g, the accuracy 0.01 mg

Name of the equipment

Radwag Analytical Balance

Description of the equipment

RADWAG WAX62 analytical balance for weighing samples from 1 mg to 60 g with 0.01 mg accuracy. Used in conjunction with the Micromag AGM 2900 system (in use since 2006).

Department

Department of Magnetism

Laboratory

Laboratory for Palaeomagnetism and Environmental Studies

Contact

dr Tomasz Werner

Daniel Mierzejewski

Mass measurement from 0.1 mg (microbalance)

Description of the service

Mass measurements for samples from 0.1 mg to 5.1 g, the accuracy 0.001 mg

Name of the equipment

RADWAG MYA 5.4Y.F Microbalance

Description of the equipment

RADWAG MYA 5.4Y.F high-precision microbalance for weighing samples and filters from 0.1 mg, with 0.001 mg accuracy. Purchased in 2020.

Department

Department of Magnetism

Laboratory

Laboratory for Palaeomagnetism and Environmental Studies

Contact

dr Tomasz Werner

Daniel Mierzejewski

Field measurement of PM dust – PM1, PM2.5, respirable, PM10 and total fractions

Description of the service

Measurement of dust concentration using optical method – 5 fractions: PM1, PM2.5, respirable, PM10, and total. Optional 37 mm filter installation for dust sampling

Name of the equipment

DustTrak DRX 8533 – Mobile Dust Monitor

Description of the equipment

Measures mass concentration and particle size distribution in real-time (PM1, PM2.5, PM10, respirable, and total particulate matter). Equipped with a 37 mm filter holder for gravimetric sampling. Battery-powered with internal pump. DustTrak DRX 8533 (TSI, USA) – 2 units.

Department

Department of Magnetism

Laboratory

Laboratory for Palaeomagnetism and Environmental Studies

Contact

dr Tomasz Werner

Daniel Mierzejewski

Field measurement of PM dust – PM1, PM2.5, PM10 fractions

Description of the service

Mass concentration measurements for dust with the optical method– PM1, PM2.5, PM10. Optional dust sampling into a bag

Name of the equipment

PM Sensor Head – Airdron System (Softblue, Poland) Mounted on DJI Matrice Pro 600 Drone (DJI, China)

Description of the equipment

PM sensor head by Softblue (Poland) mounted under a DJI Matrice Pro 600 drone (DJI, China). Real-time measurements of PM1, PM2.5, and PM10 concentrations. Expandable system with the option for gas sampling into a dedicated bag.

Drone: max payload ~6 kg, live video feed, camera mounting bracket, second battery set.

System supports mounting of an aethalometer in place of the PM head.

Department

Department of Magnetism

Laboratory

Laboratory for Palaeomagnetism and Environmental Studies

Contact

dr Tomasz Werner

Daniel Mierzejewski

Measurement of black carbon in the field

Description of the service

Measurements of black carbon concentration using the optical method

Name of the equipment

AE51 – Black Carbon Meter

Description of the equipment

AE51 aethalometer (AethLabs, USA) for real-time black carbon (BC) measurement. Can be installed under a drone. Allows BC measurement with simultaneous accumulation of dust on filters, which can later be analyzed for magnetic susceptibility in the laboratory.

Department

Department of Magnetism

Laboratory

Laboratory for Palaeomagnetism and Environmental Studies

Contact

dr Tomasz Werner

Daniel Mierzejewski